The storm forced the city's 12 casinos to close for five to seven days. Since then, business has been slower than normal.

The Atlantic Club has turned to layoffs to offset the downturn. The two Trump casinos are making salaried workers take a week off without pay and are barring hourly workers from using vacation days to cover time off during the storm.

Moody's Investors Service predicts that Atlantic City casino revenue could be down 25 percent for the next six months and earnings down as much as 50 percent over the same period due to the storm.

Tony Rodio, president of the Casino Association of New Jersey and the Tropicana Casino & Resort, said the storm hurt business at all of the casinos.

"It's going to take a few months before we get back to normal because of the impact to the homes and businesses of our customers," he said.

But it's not as bad as it could have been, Rodio said. "If there had been major storm damage to the casinos, that would have been an impact [on the resort] that would have lasted for years. But that didn't happen."

The Atlantic Club laid off 80 workers, though three-quarters of them held seasonal jobs. The storm forced the casino to end them earlier than it otherwise would have, chief operating officer Michael Frawley said.

"Our main feeder markets have been crippled, and it's going to take a long time for them to come back," he said. "We had to react in order to preserve the business."

Trump Entertainment Resorts, which owns the Trump Taj Mahal Casino Resort and Trump Plaza Hotel & Casino, is making its salaried workers take a week-long unpaid furlough, cutting schedules of hourly workers, and preventing them from using vacation days to get paid for time they were away during the storm.

Company CEO Robert Griffin said the moves should save the company up to $12 million.

"Post-storm business is off significantly," he said. "October was a bad month; November is even worse."

The week after the storm saw business decline 50 percent, he said.

The company called virtually all its regular customers and invited them back after the storm, Griffin said. Two-thirds said they wanted to but didn't have gasoline, and the rest mistakenly thought Atlantic City had been devastated by the storm, he said.

With fuel becoming more widely available (New Jersey's rationing plan ended Tuesday), customers are slowly starting to return, Griffin said.

Gary Van Hettinga, president of Resorts Casino Hotel, said business has been down by more than 20 percent.

"We obviously lost millions and will continue to lose millions," he said.

Don Marrandino, eastern division president of Caesars Entertainment Inc. which owns four Atlantic City casinos, said business is slowly returning.

Hotel occupancy percentages are in the 60s compared with the 80s this time of year at Harrah's Resort Atlantic City, Caesars Atlantic City, Bally's Atlantic City, and Showboat Casino Hotel. The casinos are scheduling about 20 percent less staff, Marrandino said.

"It's a double-whammy: the start of a slower season combined with a big impact to our feeder markets," Marrandino said. "But we're trying to be fair to our employees and to keep people working. We paid our employees for some of the days they were out."

One casino has gained business since Sandy. The Golden Nugget Atlantic City's hotel occupancy rate is up 4 percent over last year due to Red Cross and utility workers staying there.